Rethinking High School: An Introduction to New York City's Experience

Provides a review of the small school movement in New York City and highlights the early successes achieved at Marble Hill School for International Studies, located in the Bronx

Einstein's Equations with Asymptotically Stable Constraint Propagation

We introduce a proposal to modify Einstein's equations by embedding them in a larger symmetric hyperbolic system. The additional dynamical variables of the modified system are essentially first integrals of the original constraints. The extended system of equations reproduces the usual dynamics on the constraint surface of general relativity, and therefore naturally includes the solutions to Einstein gravity. The main feature of this extended system is that, at least for a linearized version of it, the constraint surface is an attractor of the time evolution. This feature suggests that this system may be a useful alternative to Einstein's equations when obtaining numerical solutions to full, non-linear gravity.Comment: 23 pages, submitted to JMP, added reference for section

Corpus Delicti Proof Requirements in Nebraska \u3ci\u3eAliunde\u3c/i\u3e Defendant’s Confession

Proof of crime may be divided into three parts: (1) a specific kind of injury or loss, the burned dwelling house in arson, for example, or the body in homicide; (2) the criminal agency of another as the means; and (3) the identity of the defendant as the perpetrator. Only the first two elements, however, constitute the corpus delicti, and it is only the corpus delicti which need be established by “some evidence” in addition to defendant’s extra-judicial confession or admission. No jurisdiction requires proof in addition to defendant’s extra-judicial confession or admission that defendant was the perpetrator. The central problem in the corpus delicti area is to determine the quantum of evidence in addition to the confession or admission which is needed in order to sustain a conviction. The basic purpose here is to review the Nebraska cases on the question, to compare them with decisions elsewhere, and to predict the probable course of future decisions in Nebraska. I. Introduction II. American Law in General III. The Law in Nebrask

Income Tax—Capital Expenditure v. Business Expenditure

The tax treatment of company funds expended in the solicitation of business supply sources arose in the case of Van Iderstine Co. v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue. Petitioner company rendered lard, tallow, and other by-products from fat and bones which it collected from butcher shops, restaurants, hotels, slaughter houses, and chain stores. Petitioner during the year 1950 paid $25,000 to Food Fair Stores chain in consideration for agreements giving petitioner the right for an indeterminate period to purchase all raw materials becoming available at their stores at the current market price to be determined from time to time. The agreements were subject to being discontinued at any time by either party; no express promise existed on the part of either party. Petitioner in filing its 1950 tax return treated the expenditure as a deductible business expense, but the Tax Court held it to be a capital expenditure. On appeal, the Tax Court decision was reversed by the Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit. Four alternative methods appear for accounting for the expenditure

Income Tax—Capital Expenditure v. Business Expenditure

The tax treatment of company funds expended in the solicitation of business supply sources arose in the case of Van Iderstine Co. v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue. Petitioner company rendered lard, tallow, and other by-products from fat and bones which it collected from butcher shops, restaurants, hotels, slaughter houses, and chain stores. Petitioner during the year 1950 paid $25,000 to Food Fair Stores chain in consideration for agreements giving petitioner the right for an indeterminate period to purchase all raw materials becoming available at their stores at the current market price to be determined from time to time. The agreements were subject to being discontinued at any time by either party; no express promise existed on the part of either party. Petitioner in filing its 1950 tax return treated the expenditure as a deductible business expense, but the Tax Court held it to be a capital expenditure. On appeal, the Tax Court decision was reversed by the Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit. Four alternative methods appear for accounting for the expenditure

A structured open data collection on occupant behaviour in buildings

Climate change cannot be addressed without improving the energy efficiency of the buildings in which we live and work. The papers in this collection describe and release a series of datasets that help us understand how occupants influence and experience building energy use, both to aid future research and policy-development, and to spark wider data sharing in this important area

Workshop on Observations of Recent Comets (1990)

Potential interpretations are presented for observations of four comets: Brorsen-Metcalf (1989o), Okazaki-Levy-Rudenko (1989r), Aarseth-Brewington (1989a1), and Austin (1989o1). The relationship of minor species with each other and possible parents as well as with dust are being pursued in a number of investigations. Of particular interest are the abundance ratios of CH4 to CO and NH3 to N2. The need for closer collaboration betwen observing teams and modelers is examined. The need for dust size distribution as a function of cometocentric distance to be analyzed in closer collaboration between observers and modelers is discussed